milk house stalingrad
Germany, already operating on dwindling fuel supplies, focused its efforts on moving deeper into Soviet territory and taking the oil fields at any cost. On September 26, the first assault on Stalingrad ended, during which the Germans destroyed the last centers of resistance of the left flank of the 62nd Army. On the right, Lieutenant Petr Arsentyevich Loktionov, commander of the 2nd battalion of the 34th Guards Rifle Regiment. As the senior in rank, the commander was Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev. The soldiers surrounded it with minefields, set up machine-gun positions at the windows and breached the walls in the basement for better communications. The Luftwaffe helped repel the offensive by heavily attacking Soviet artillery positions and defensive lines. Later, when the Tatsinskaya Airfield was also captured, the Romanian 75mm guns destroyed five more Soviet tanks. Most notably, he promoted Paulus to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. The additional distance became another obstacle to the resupply efforts. Troops on both sides faced the constant strain of close-range combat. Paulus refused, concerned about the Red Army attacks on the flank of Army Group Don and Army Group B in their advance on Rostov-on-Don, "an early abandonment" of Stalingrad "would result in the destruction of Army Group A in the Caucasus", and the fact that his 6th Army tanks only had fuel for a 30km advance towards Hoth's spearhead, a futile effort if they did not receive assurance of resupply by air. The lull did not last long. The battle for Stalingrad devolved into a desperate street-by . This is how it looked after the war: The ruins of mill is now a part of Pavlov's house memorial, the modern look of ruins: Newspapers visited positions, talked with commanders and political workers, among them Leonid Koren, agitator of 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment. It is well known that for 58 days the multiethnic garrison held the building in the city center, repulsing numerous attacks by the Germans. Every time when soldiers or tanks tried to get close to the house, IF Afanasyev and his comrades met them with heavy fire from the basement, windows and roof; they were supported by fire from the main positions of the regiment. Zabolotnys house was subsequently burned out and blown up by the advancing Germans. Out of the ruins, the Germans tossed TNT, grenades and bottles with a combustible mixture at the squatted guardsmen with. All of the 19 German tanks were lost, as well as 81 of the R-2 light tanks. On September 23 and 24, the enemy probed the front line - in the course of short skirmishes and clashes, the front line gradually emerged. In 1985 a memorial was erected, listing the names of the garrison. He said that he had been taken by surprise. The Boy from Stalingrad (Russian: ; Kyrgyz: ) is the first novel by Soviet writer Fedor Samokhin, published in 1954 by the Stalingrad Book Publishing House.It tells about the meeting in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan of the evacuated population from the western regions of the country during the Eastern Front of World War . Afanasyeva, a detachment of three Anti-tank rifles under sergeant Andrei Sobgaidly, and two crews of company mortars under the command of junior lieutenant Alexei Chernushenko. ". [28]:528 The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves. [78] By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division had ceased to exist. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. On the left flank stood the four- and five-story "House of Specialists" and the State Bank. 691 were here. [164][165], There was no one with a camera present to film the capture of Paulus. According to Zhukov, "German operational blunders were aggravated by poor intelligence: they failed to spot preparations for the major counter-offensive near Stalingrad where there were 10 field, 1 tank and 4 air armies. "They'll be taken away tomorrow, I suppose." "As quick as lightning, the Panzergrenadiers jumped from their wagons. In addition to the fighters, civilians in the basement of the house included old people, women and children. These bridgeheads in retrospect presented a serious threat to Army Group B. The Germans approached the positions of the company closely - only the railroad tracks crowded by wagons divided them from their opponents. On 20 November, a second Soviet offensive (two armies) was launched to the south of Stalingrad against points held by the Romanian 4th Army Corps. In spite of the failure of the German offensive to reach the 6th Army, the air supply operation continued under ever more difficult circumstances. Several Soviet regiments were wiped out; the entire staff of the Soviet 339th Infantry Regiment was killed the following morning during an air raid.[109]. He told Hitler that he was no longer able to command his men, who were without ammunition or food. [59] Casualties were estimated to have been 40,000,[60][21] though they were likely exaggerated,[61] and after 25 August the Soviets did not record any civilian and military casualties as a result of air raids. Combing the next entrance, the four Red Army soldiers noticed something in one of the Germans' apartments. [147], The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. [127] Hence Army Group A was never used to help relieve the Sixth Army. The next night, Junior Sergeant Ya.F. The letter was signed by Colonel-General of Artillery Voronov and the commander-in-chief of the Don Front, Lieutenant-General Rokossovsky. Further, in the shadow of the legend there were much more significant episodes in the battle for Stalingrad - the surname of only one person has remained in history, leaving the names of others in obscurity. The defense of this house alone lasted 58 days. The Austrian divisional commander, General Erhard Raus, was summoned to Manstein's royal carriage in Kharkov station on 24 November, where the field marshal briefed him. The Hungarian 2nd Army was given the task of defending a 200km (120mi) section of the front north of Stalingrad between the Italian Army and Voronezh. A view from the German side. The northern pocket consisting of the VIIIth Corps, under General Walter Heitz, and the XIth Corps, was now cut off from telephone communication with Paulus in the southern pocket. [189] He remained in the Soviet Union until 1952, then moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he spent the remainder of his days defending his actions at Stalingrad and was quoted as saying that Communism was the best hope for postwar Europe. [1] [2]. The siege lasted from 27 September to 25 November 1942 and eventually the Red Army managed to relieve it from the siege. Yeryomenko and Commissar Nikita Khrushchev were tasked with planning the defence of Stalingrad. [95] Many of the Soviet wireless and telephone operators were women who often suffered heavy casualties when their command posts came under fire. Let's try to correct this injustice. In the center of the front of the 13th Guards Rifle Division was a huge complex of departmental and residential buildings of the NKVD, which occupied a whole block. The base point received the call sign "Mayak" and became one of the main OPs in the defense system of the 13th Guards Rifle Division. The traffic jam is thought to have delayed the advance by at least one week. [3], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Germans lost more men attacking Pavlov's house at Stalingrad, than they did during their entire push on Paris", "Unknown Stalingrad: Pavlov's House, Anatomy of a Legend", "EVROPESKIE KULTURNYE TsENNOSTI POD OKKUPATsIE", "Ushel iz zhizni posledni zashchitnik doma Pavlova v Stalingrade Kamolzhon Turgunov", Pavlov's House - Stalingrad, September-November 1942 (Poem), Map of Pavlov's House and the defenders of the house, Pavlov's House Myth and Reality: a new documentary by StalData, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pavlov%27s_House&oldid=1149360912, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 19:04. This would include the subsequent breakout of Sixth Army, in the event of a successful first phase, and its physical reincorporation in Army Group Don. The article took a U-turn from the others and was an excellent example of army agitprop. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire. In violation of all regulations, the comrade ordered the barrels of mortars to be positioned almost vertically. Documentary showing the recovery of numerous bodies of missing soldiers in the Stalingrad area in 2015, Soviet order of battle for the Battle of Stalingrad, Axis order of battle at the Battle of Stalingrad, 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment, Italian participation in the Eastern Front, Soviet Black Sea Fleet during the Battle of Stalingrad, "Urban Warfare Project Case Study #1: Battle of Stalingrad", "Why Stalingrad Was the Bloodiest Battle of World War II (and Perhaps of All Time)", "Text of the Day's War Communiques on Fighting in Various Zones", "Unsung Witnesses of the Battle of Stalingrad". The Germans could not go further. In the turmoil of the battle, dodging from crater to crater, the four fighters crossed the distance from the military exchange houses to the four-story building and disappeared into the aperture of the entrance. There were no losses: the Germans were not in the ruins. The plan was similar to the one Zhukov had used to achieve victory at Khalkhin Gol three years before, where he had sprung a double envelopment and destroyed the 23rd Division of the Japanese army.[122]. Almost every letter expressed belief in Germany's ultimate victory and their willingness to fight and die at Stalingrad to achieve that victory. Za istinske ljubitelje ratnih tematika ovaj film je ZA OBAVEZNO POGLEDATI! 4 ( Grudinins mill). [121] The operation was code-named "Uranus" and launched in conjunction with Operation Mars, which was directed at Army Group Center about 1,000 kilometres (620mi) to the northwest. F. Pavlov , who took command of the squad from senior lieutenant IF Afanasyev , who was wounded at the beginning of the battle, hence the name of the house. The operating room was in the sewer pipe in the slope of the steep bank of the Volga, near the headquarters of the division near the mouth of the Dolgiy ravine . Left in the photo is Grigory Evdokimovich Brick (post-war photo). These operations opened the Winter Campaign of 19421943 (19 November 1942 3 March 1943), which involved some fifteen Armies operating on several fronts. Arte documentary. The German offensive started well. [57] After 23 January, there were no more reported landings, just intermittent air drops of ammunition and food until the end. British war correspondent Alexander Werth described the following scene in his Russia at War book, based on a first-hand account of his visit to Stalingrad on 35 February 1943, We[] went into the yard of the large burnt out building of the Red Army House; and here one realised particularly clearly what the last days of Stalingrad had been to so many of the Germans. The situation was so critical that on the night of September 22-23, the commander-in-chief Major-General A.I. Seize and hold the Red House and House 81 with no more than 50% casualties on any ME. The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. [182] On 18 February, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels gave the famous Sportpalast speech in Berlin, encouraging the Germans to accept a total war that would claim all resources and efforts from the entire population. The first 30 days of defense were especially difficult, when the Germans tried to recapture the building every day. After landing, the groups managed to establish supplies, and Rodimtsev had his own small fleet - about 30 rowing boats and vessels. [148], On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives. "[161] Paulus notified Hitler that his men would likely collapse before the day was out. The German 16th Panzer Division reportedly had to fight the 1077th's gunners "shot for shot" until all 37 anti-aircraft guns were destroyed or overrun. On the night of September 29 scouts of the 39th Guards Sapper Regiment managed to stealthily get close to the building and shoved through the windows incendiary bottles. [citation needed], A significant historical debate concerns the degree of terror in the Red Army. David Glantz indicated[52] that four hard-fought battles collectively known as the Kotluban Operations north of Stalingrad, where the Soviets made their greatest stand, decided Germany's fate before the Nazis ever set foot in the city itself, and were a turning point in the war. Soviet offensives in the central and northern portions of the Eastern Front tied down Luftwaffe reserves and newly built aircraft, reducing Luftflotte 4's percentage of Eastern Front aircraft from 60 percent on 28 June to 38 percent by 20 September. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. Only a few episodes were hidden for many years in the famous Stalingrad photos taken by the correspondent Georgy Zelma. In the porch lay the skeleton of a horse, with only a few scraps of meat still clinging to its ribs. The third assault followed on 1 November. The Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. The high ground dominated the surrounding area, and German spotters had a good view of the positions of the Soviet troops, the bank, and the river nearby. The diagram also notes the 685th Infantry Regiment attached to Rodimtsev. The Germans attacked the building several times a day. It uncovers the fact that much of the details of Pavlov's House written in the official histories are made up. The destroyed wall of the plant is visible at the top of the cliff. If Stalingrad is one of the most significant symbols of the Great Patriotic War, then Pavlov's House is the cornerstone of thatsymbol. The aim was to win as much time as possible to withdraw forces from the Caucasus (Army Group A) and to rush troops from other Fronts to form a new front that would be able in some measure to check our counter-offensive. The Battle of Stalingrad, with its five months of fierce fighting, began exactly 80 years ago, on Aug. 23, 1942. Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[142] called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. On 2 February 1943, the German 6th Army, having exhausted their ammunition and food, finally capitulated after over five months of fighting, making it the first of Hitler's field armies to surrender during World War II. Soviet forces reached the entrance to the German headquarters in the ruined GUM department store. Targets were often soldiers bringing up food or water to forward positions. Despite being called a "mill", it served as a food processing complex, where in addition to the mill, there was also a smokery for fish, butter production facilities, a bakery, and warehouses for finished products. The start of Case Blue had been planned for late May 1942. Of the 120 tanks the Soviets had committed, 30 were lost to air attack.[68]. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. VIII. The initial advance of the 6th Army was so successful that Hitler intervened and ordered the 4th Panzer Army to join Army Group South (A) to the south. The speech contained an oblique reference to the battle, which suggested that Germany was now in a defensive war. Panikhin - in which on the evening of September 22 there were just 48 "active bayonets" [combat-worthy men] - was replenished, receiving a march company of about 1300 men. " . Stalingradskaya bitva, IPA: [stlnratskj bitv]; 23 August 1942 - 2 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control . According to Paulus's comments to his adjutant Wilhelm Adam, "There is still the order whereby no commander of an army group or an army has the right to relinquish a village, even a trench, without Hitler's consent."[120]. The man was probably already dying. October 25, 2022 1943. The defenders, as well as the civilians hiding in the basement, were eventually relieved by counter-attacking Soviet forces after holding out from 27 September to 25 November 1942. In total there were more than 50 people in the building, so common everyday rules and a commandant were required. The military political instructor wanted to wring capital writers necks, but they not only reassured him, but also persuaded him to publish his article in the central newspaper. On the Western Front, Germany held most of Europe, the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic was holding American support at bay, and in North Africa Erwin Rommel had just captured Tobruk. The positions of the units of the 13th Guards Rifle Division on September 25. "[50] The battle earned him one of his two Hero of the Soviet Union awards. The offensive was repelled. By that time the buildings had repeatedly changed hands, but on September 22 they were again captured by the Germans. After the fire in the State Bank, the Germans began to cover the windows of the upper floors with bed nets - the probability of burning at night from a flying bottle of copolymers or a thermite ball was very large. Ultimately, however, Romanian armoured warfare proved to be a tactical success, as the Romanians destroyed 127 Soviet tanks for the cost of their 100 lost units. One thrust would come from the area of Kotelnikovo, well to the south, and around 160 kilometres (100mi) from the Sixth Army. The layout of the locations mentioned in the article, in a German aerial photograph taken in March 1943: 1 - State Bank; 2 - ruins of the brewery; 3 - the NKVD complex; 4 - school number 6; 5 - the military exchange; 6 - "Zabolotny's House"; 7 - "Pavlov's House"; 8 - the mill; 9 - the "Milky House"; 10 - the "Railwaymen's House"; 11 - the "L-shaped house"; 12 - school number 38; 13 - the oil tanks (German strongpoint); 14 - the buttermaking plant; 15 - a factory warehouse. Film predstavlja kljuni trenutak II sv. The tactical benefit of the house was its position on a cross-street, giving the defenders a 1km (0.6mi) line of sight to the north, south and west. Description. [62] The Soviets continued to pour aerial reinforcements into the Stalingrad area in late September, but continued to suffer appalling losses; the Luftwaffe had complete control of the skies. Romanian forces destroyed 62 Soviet tanks on 20 November for the cost of 25 tanks of their own, followed by 65 more Soviet tanks on 22 November, for the cost of 10 tanks of their own. [citation needed], The surrounded Axis personnel comprised 265,000 Germans, Romanians, Italians,[124] and Croatians. The exhausted opponents dug themselves deeper into the ground. Three days later, when the first trainload of Raus's division steamed into Kotelnikovo station to unload, his troops were greeted by "a hail of shells" from Soviet batteries. The 3 rd Motorized Division halted 12 miles to the rear of the 16 th Panzer Division for the night while the 60 th Motorized Division was bogged down in a ten-mile traffic jam. The 6th Army slowly starved. [70] Deserters and perceived malingerers were captured or executed after fighting. Some Soviet commanders adopted the tactic of always keeping their front-line positions as close to the Germans as physically possible; Chuikov called this "hugging" the Germans. Thus, they converted multi-floored apartment blocks, factories, warehouses, street corner residences and office buildings into a series of well-defended strong-points with small 510-man units. In particular, the so-called HiWis, Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. Similarly, Operation Wilhelm attacked Voltshansk on 13 June, and Operation Fridericus attacked Kupiansk on 22 June.[39]. Some 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped in 48 hours, more than in London at the height of the Blitz. The history of the mill began in 1899, when the Gerhardt family of entrepreneurs received permission to build a flour-grinding complex in what is now central Volgograd, overlooking the River Volga. At night, the small bridgehead was revived and resembled an anthill: the soldiers hastily unloaded the boats with ammunition, and the commanders raised small groups of replenishment for positions. The attached the 685th Rifle Regiment advanced towards the January 9 square and school No. [179], The USSR, according to archival figures, suffered 1,129,619 total casualties; 478,741 personnel killed or missing, and 650,878 wounded or sick. Both Pavlov and Afanasyev were wounded, but both Pavlov and Afanasyev survived the war. In mid-October, after receiving reinforcements from the Caucasus theatre, the Luftwaffe intensified its efforts against the remaining Red Army positions holding the west bank. machine gun platoon commander (garrison commander). Taking this advice to heart, Pavlov ordered the building to be surrounded with four layers of barbed wire and minefields, and set up machine-gun posts in every available window facing the square. "[118], During the siege, the German and allied Italian, Hungarian, and Romanian armies protecting Army Group B's north and south flanks had pressed their headquarters for support. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city. Starting 23 October 1942, Romanian pilots flew a total of 4,000 sorties, during which they destroyed 61 Soviet aircraft. The last time Red Army men tried on September 19 to repel the Germans, the sappers blew up the wall and the assault group managed to occupy part of the building, but during the offensive on September 22 the German infantry again repulsed them. Accordingly, Paulus did not respond. The author immediately put forward the "homeowner" junior sergeant Pavlov, and the garrison commander, Lieutenant Afanasyev, remained out of the picture. About the author (2019) David M. Glantz and Jonathan M. House have collaborated on all five volumes of the Stalingrad Trilogy, as well as on the books When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler and The Battle of Kursk. [2], The importance of the building has been contested. Another advance to the river south of the city followed, while the Soviets abandoned their Rossoshka position for the inner defensive ring west of Stalingrad. On 18 September, the Soviet 1st Guards and 24th Army launched an offensive against VIII Army Corps at Kotluban. However, the participants themselves - fighters and commanders of the 13th Guards Rifle Division - attached much more importance to these events than the notorious legend. On 23 August the 6th Army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad in pursuit of the 62nd and 64th Armies, which had fallen back into the city. Hence it was ineffective in relieving the 6th Army. [137][Note 5] To supplement the limited number of Junkers Ju 52 transports, the Germans pressed other aircraft into the role, such as the Heinkel He 177 bomber. There, in the area of the City Garden and the mouth of the Tsaritsa, the German units finished off the left flank leftovers of the 62nd Army. The success was to come with a sudden night attack. The Germans set up a "mobile defence" of small units that were to hold towns until supporting armour arrived. The first scenes depicting 1942 Stalingrad, in which the city skyline stands aflame after the Germans ignite a cluster of giant oil storage tanks, makes the opening battle in Gladiator look like . "[91] Infantryman Lev Lvovich's explanation, for example, is typical for these interviews; as he recalls, "[i]t was a necessary and important step. Germany's Sixth Army had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. Intensifying the heat of madness, in the darkness suddenly there was heard a jazz melody, and then from the far bank of the Volga in broken German there were calls for surrender. Very close to it were huge five and six-story buildings occupied by the German infantry - the "Railwaymen's House" and "L-shaped house". [160], On 30 January 1943, the 10th anniversary of Hitler's coming to power, Goebbels read out a proclamation that included the sentence: "The heroic struggle of our soldiers on the Volga should be a warning for everybody to do the utmost for the struggle for Germany's freedom and the future of our people, and thus in a wider sense for the maintenance of our entire continent. The Battle of Stalingrad (German: Schlacht von Stalingrad [laxt fn talngat];[16] Russian: , tr. The heavily wounded were transported at night to the other shore, where there was a battalion medical battalion under the leadership of Colonel II. Window openings were laid brick and embrasures made their way through the walls. After being put on public display in Britain, this was presented to Stalin by Winston Churchill at the Tehran Conference later in 1943. Not all of the 6th Army was trapped: 50,000 soldiers were brushed aside outside the pocket. On the left is the 1st Battalion of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Lieutenant F.G. Fedoseyeva surrounded in the department exchange, The diagram of the frontline of the 13th Guards Rifle Division on September 25, 1942, transferred to the aerial photo. Stalingrad, the 2013 film by Fyodor Bondarchuk, presents a Russian perspective on the fierce battle for the titular city with gratuitous special effects.
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