as otters were removed during the hunting years
58. The chairman eventually agreed to put the resolution to the meeting and it was carried with acclamation. Ibid., p. 20. the quarry itself is quite a secondary consideration.Footnote Downing, Graham, The Hounds of Spring. The chapter entitled Otters and Men is important. 77. Second, he felt that as he had bought the cats they were his own property and third, he argued that it was less cruel to use a cat than a badger as worrying the latter badly injured the dogs.Footnote Google Scholar. . 90. Sea otters, in turn, are equally voracious predators of sea urchins. 03 March 2016. It may be outlawed, yet in 1977 one single New York dealer smuggled, amongst many other furs, the skins of 15,470 neotropical and 271 giant otters into the country (Eltringham 1984). During the summer months its pages were sprinkled with photographs of women and girls being blooded at otter hunts. . The commercial trade began in Unlike the working men who may have regretted the spontaneous event, sportsmen not only celebrated their own form of killing; they had created organisations that expected it to occur on a regular basis. 5 Master of Crowhurst Otter Hounds, Picture Post, 22nd July 1939, Volume 4, Number 3. Large numbers of sea cows occurred in the Commander Islands at the time of their discovery by Europeans in 1741. The Humanitarian League's strategy was that whenever an article mentioning otter hunting appeared in a newspaper or magazine, League members would bombard that publication with letters of protest. Now, what nonsense this is!Footnote In 1844 Landseer's The Otter Speared polarised opinion about otter hunting which was condemned by many as barbaric. The first issue in 1939, for instance, sold 1,350,000 copies. Rogers, William, Records of the Cheriton Otter Hounds (Taunton, 1925)Google Scholar. Their aim, to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being, was tied to both the criminal law and prison system, and the prevention of cruelty to animals. 8. Coleridge, Bell and others argued in articles in Animals Friend magazine and The Humanitarian that this reversal was unconstitutional and illogical.Footnote Bates wrote this chapter on the basis that he liked otters but, despite living within a mile of a river valley, had never seen one in the wild. The aesthetic quality of animals was also important to him. Bobcats and otters or their pelts must be delivered to an agent of the Conservation Department for registration or tagging before selling, transferring, tanning or mounting by April 10. The sea otter population has rebounded to nearly three thousand individuals Varndell had mastered the Crowhurst Otter Hounds since 1905, and had missed only four days hunting in thirty-five years.Footnote The otter is as good an excuse as the next one; and, after all, the beast usually escapes.Footnote Kean, Hilda, Animal Rights (London, 1998)Google Scholar; Ernest Bell, The Barnstaple Cat-Worrying Case, The Animals Friend (1906), 43. Captain T. W. Sheppard, Decadence of Otter Hunting, The Field, 20th October 1906, 658. What are perhaps more interesting are his reasons for wanting to preserve the otter. In 1901 Coulson had written that: Some of the clergy revel in it the very men who pose afterwards as the expounders of high morality.Footnote And even we English whose behaviour in the country is notoriously crazy must have an excuse for wading through rivers in grey bowler hats, blue jackets and white flannel breeches. In The Times on 13th June 1928 Williamson was described as the finest and most intimate living interpreter of the drama of wildlife. 76. It was not until July 1928 that the age was lowered to twenty-one. This indicates that despite the ongoing challenge from the anti-blood-sports movement, in 1939 hunting rhetoric still informed the public's perception of otters and otter hunting. Finally the author of the original article, J. C. Bristow-Noble, responded resentfully that On behalf of some of these daughters of Eve, I have now to state that it is of their opinion that the quarry, as is frequently the case, should always be allowed to escape. It appears to be more about human behaviour than animal suffering. Vivisection, the slaughter of animals for food, the fur and feather fashion trade, and blood sports were all targeted.Footnote Bates begins by considering the main excuse for killing otters, the supposed need to reduce predation on fish. Although in the book he admits this was partly due to the animal's nocturnal behaviour, in the shortened leaflet the omission of the introductory paragraph made otter hunting the prime reason for his misfortune. He denounced otter hunting as the lowest-down pastime that has survived into the twentieth century. H. E. Bates, Otters and Men (1938), p. 1. View all Google Scholar citations A part of this pamphlet, which included this quotation, was reprinted in Cruel Sports magazine in 1929. During peak hunting years, during the mid-1800s, according to harvest records that Larson presented, between 1804 and 1807 nearly 15,000 sea otters were killed. Six weeks later, on 9th September, the magazine's editor revealed that many readers had taken umbrage with the article, and invited further correspondence on the subject. WebWhich of the following critical values should the scientist use for the chi-square analysis of the data? WebIn 1741, Russians began hunting sea otters. The social image being constructed is of a group of people who are not just morally right, but are more decent than the hunters, who are by contrast portrayed as disreputable, aggressive and shameful. Google Scholar. with exception of the three spurious sports of carted-stag hunting, rabbit coursing and shooting pigeons from traps.Footnote Hunting is a good excuse for a hard day's exercise. Otters today are faced with habitat loss and food scarcity, apart from killing due to 89. Large hunting efforts were under way with the help of a massive ship in the water. . Stephen Coleridge was the second son of Lord Chief Justice of England, John Duke Coleridge, and great nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Williamson's book was based on considerable personal research and knowledge. At night, in company with her other cub, she came to the yard and tried to liberate the little captive, but without success. Indeed, Coulson, Collinson and other campaigners believed that the kill had ill effects on the mental well-being of every person involved. There were several large sources of South American otter skins. For Johnston the otter was not a special animal, it was one of many beasts, birds, and reptiles which potentially added to the future happiness of the world. The main institutional differences were in their ideals and methods. . Syse, Karen Victoria Lykke, Otters as Symbols in the British Environmental Discourse, Landscape Research, 38 (2013), 54052CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 66. Coulson later complained that clergy, more generally, did little to criticise otter hunting: Seldom do we hear from the pulpit any protests against acts of cowardice and cruelty that would shame savages. 68. Cameron, L. C. R., Rod, Pole and Perch: Angling and Otter-hunting Sketches (London, 1928), p. 52 As otters were removed during the hunting years, there was a large decrease in the catches of fish species from the eelgrass habitats. The otter is impaled on a barbed hunting spear and is about to be flung down for the hounds. Although this demonstration was by all accounts quiet and orderly, the encounter did produce a rather interesting spectacle. 29. Rivers are then lovely with kingcup and ladysmock, meadows are starred and belled with daisy and cowslip, and, above all, the female otter is in cub. 42. He argued that if the government cared for the preservation of beauty in England, the otter would long ago have been placed on the protected list, and would not have been subjected to the undiscriminating attacks of sportsmen.Footnote 64. They might be horrified if you suggested that they wished the otter any harm. President Stephen Coleridge, his successor Lady Cory and several other members did the same. Coulson, Otter Worrying A Protest, The Humanitarian, August 1908, 601. Figure 3. They were killed mostly for their fur, which was desirable Staged at Colchester's North Railway Station, on this occasion members of the Colchester Working Group were the chief agitators and the Eastern Counties Otter Hounds the agitated. These snaps, which had been taken by otter hunters, were lifted from local newspapers then republished with evocative captions. Is there no legislation which would enable, say, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals to get upon the track of the Workington murderers and make them suffer? . During the period 1969-72, 89 sea otters were translo-cated to British Columbia; 59 otters were released in Washington in 1969-70. Ernest Bell, Cat Worrying, pp. 3 9. 71. 80. The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports also publicised isolated malpractices to strengthen their argument. This is not to say that those within the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports subscribed to this notion. Glorying over being blooded at an Otter Hunt, http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/friends/colonel-coulson. This pack disbanded in 1919 when he became master of the Hawkstone Otter Hounds. But what matter? His argument in the Hunted Otter was driven by quotations from thirty published sources. If the mere presence of women was condemned, then the role they played in, and joy they gained from, the death of the otter was shocking. Izaak Walton, The Compleat Angler: Or the Contemplative Man's Recreation (1653), Chapter 2. The Trust recently secured the first ongoing class licence to capture and transport live Eurasian otters trapped in well-fenced fisheries in England. . Allen, Daniel, Otter (London, 2010)Google Scholar; By enlisting the opinion of H. E. Bates, the National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports hoped this sentiment would not only reach a more popular readership, but also move such people into joining the campaign against otter hunting. This meant the League had far fewer opportunities to criticise otter hunting and by 1918 it recognised that it was the extravagance of spending vast sums of money on hunting and shooting, rather than the cruelty of blood sports, which aroused public resentment.Footnote The men then lit some cotton waste, smoked out the otter, and pelted it with stones. Griffin, Carl J. This may have been because the facts were incomplete or because the figures seemed to speak for themselves. Pain, too, like fun, is a word of many meanings and it is not surprising, perhaps, that for many people the two things are synonymous. The sport became increasingly popular in the late nineteenth century and the Edwardian period. One of the main reasons Bates spoke out against otter hunting was that he felt that a small minority had reduced his chances of seeing the otter. Men, women and children could all actively participate together in this sport. Rogers, W. H., Records of the Cheriton Otter Hounds (Taunton, 1925), p. 225 57. Like the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports, the National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports advocated the state regulation of British wildlife, and were outraged by the hunting and coursing of highly sentient creatures for sport. This allowed broader questions to be raised by the publisher and campaigner Ernest Bell (18511933). A selection of letters was then published under the title, Should Otters Be Hunted? The first letter, by Reverend Joseph Stratton, argued that men were judged in relation to their treatment of animals. The sea otter population has rebounded to nearly three thousand individuals The seasonality, setting and pedestrianism of otter hunting appealed to Edwardian sporting and leisure sensibilities. Members of the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports were also outraged by this murderous behaviour and equally critical of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, but they had a slightly different response to the event. 44 This idea is reinforced by the fact that the two members of the audience who stood to offer their support were both members of the Humanitarian League. . In February 1918 the Representation of the People Act gave all women over the age of thirty the right to vote. Feature Flags: { The scientist built a tube that was divided by an. The Humanitarian League was dissolved in 1919, and the main organisation to campaign against otter hunting became the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports, founded in 1924. Raymond, Graham Google Scholar. By 2016, over 4,000 river otters had been translocated to 23 states. 37, The first malpractice to be exposed in otter hunting itself was an incident that occurred on the River Tweed on 6th July 1907. J. C. Bristow-Noble, Madame, 22nd July 1905, 171, cited in Cheesman and Cheesman, Diaries of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds, p. 43 [Actually it was Mrs Kellogg-Jenkins, Battle, who had been born in San Francisco, 1911 census]. WebOregons sea otters disappeared in flash of destruction, as one small part of an ocean-spanning fur boom driven by demand for their lush pelts. Leeds Women Protest at an Otter Hunt, Cruel Sports, August 1935. The National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports sought to enlist the support of well-known individuals, including the journalist and author H. E. Bates (19051974) who became a mainstream country writer. By placing value on the life of the animal, it was not the act of killing that was condemned, but rather the killers reaction to such an act. 83. Otter hunters were of course proud of this fact; it was one of the many peculiarities that set it apart from other field sports. and broadly disregarded spearing as one of the blood-thirsty methods used by our forefathers.Footnote In 2010 a painting normally considered too upsetting for modern tastes which while impressive was also undeniably gruesome was displayed at an exhibition of British sporting art at the Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle. At its centre an exhausted hunter holds an otter aloft over a pack of baying otterhounds. In a series of vignettes, Bates fondly describes the rivers, the creatures, the trees, the flowers, the buildings and the people that make up the watery landscape. 9, In this paper we consider the ways campaigns against otter hunting were carried out in the period 1900 to 1939. 23. . The incident was widely reported and horrified the public. Google Scholar. . Johnston's opinion of the otter and motivation for its protection were also quite unusual. Render date: 2023-05-01T08:20:46.153Z 14. The Hawkstone Otter Hounds disbanded in 1914, putting down most of their hounds. Joseph Collinson argued that a deplorable feature of this sport is that its followers include all sorts and conditions of people: ministers of religion with their wives, young men and young women, sometimes even boys and girls. 1847Google Scholar; The candid words of Reverend E. W. L. Davies in his 1886 chapter on The Otter and his Ways helped to reinforce this point: Bitch-otters yielding milk. 46. It argued that if it were necessary, otters should be cleanly killed, i.e. The Picture Post styles otter hunting as just another peculiar pastime the notoriously crazy English enjoy in the countryside. He sat on the governing bodies of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the National Canine Defence League, the Cat's Protection League, the Pit-Ponies Protection Society, and the Animals Friend Society.Footnote ashtoreth worship practices,
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